如何成为一个创新国家?
2017-05-24 

如何成为一个创新国家?

How to Become an Innovative Nation?

刘刚

Liu Gang

南开大学经济研究所、南开大学滨海开发研究院、中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心

Nankai Institute of Economics,Binhai Development Institute of Nankai University,Collaborative Innovation Center for China Economy 

从2006年开始,建设创新型国家成为国家战略的核心取向。2012年之后,国家密集出台了包括实施创新驱动发展、“互联网+”、“中国制造2025”和“双创”在内的系列国家战略。继“世界工厂”之后,如何成长为全球科技创新中心,成为中国经济发展基本议题。服务于国家战略的制定和实施,从2013年开始酝酿至今,全球创新创业会议(GEIC)先后在吉林大学和以色列本·古里安大学成功举办了三届,已经成为创新经济理论和实践前沿的国际学术交流和产学研合作平台。

Since 2006, the construction of innovative country has become the core of national strategy. China intensively has introduced a series of national strategies, including the implementation of Innovation-driven Development Strategy, ‘Internet Plus’, ‘Made in China 2025’, and ‘Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation’ since 2012. It can be said, China how to grow from a “World Factory” to be a global science and technology innovation center, is one basic issues in current China's economic development. Global Entrepreneurship and Innovation Conference (GEIC), contributing to the formulation and implementation of national strategies, has held for three sessions since 2013 in Jilin University and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev of Israel. GEIC has been the international academic exchange and Industry-University-Research cooperation platform for leading innovative economic theories and practices.

成为一个创新国家,对中国而言,不仅意味着“中国奇迹”能否得到延续,而且意味着中国能否为世界和人类的繁荣和和平发展做出更大的贡献。作为一个拥有悠久历史文化传统的发展中大国,在成为一个创新国家的过程中,中国所创造出的制度和文化会具有更强的包容性、独特性和示范价值。因而,如何成为一个创新国家?既是学术界必须回答的问题,也是理论创新的源泉。

For China, to become an innovative nation not only means "China Miracle" can be continued, but also means China can make greater contribution for the prosperity, peace and development of humanity. As a very important developing country with long history and culture tradition, the system and culture created by China will be more inclusive, distinctive and demonstrative on the journey to grow as an innovative country. Therefore, how to become an innovative nation is the issue that the academia should answer and also the source of theory innovation.

I

对自主创新道路的探索,始于1979年且贯穿于中国经济改革和开放的全过程。无论是农村联产承包责任制还是市场取向的渐进改革方式和工业化过程中持续的市场创造,都属于世界经济发展史中的创新之作。

China has started to explore the new path of independent innovation from 1979 and continued through the entire process of China’s economic reform and opening-up. Rural Contract Responsibility System, market-oriented progressive reform and continuous market creation during the industrialization are all innovative masterpieces in the history of world economic development.

“中国奇迹”的产生源于中国掌握了工业化成功的关键秘诀,即把农村改革和工业化作为国家工业化的第一步。农村改革和工业化不仅解决了粮食问题,而且在满足短缺经济条件下市场对轻工业产品高强度市场需求的过程中,创造出启动城市工业化所需的包括能源、动力、原材料和装备在内的中间产品市场需求。

The rising of "China Miracle" is because China mastered the key to the success of industrialization in a developing country characterized by developed peasant economy. That is , rural reform and rural industrialization as the first step of national industrialization. Rural reform and industrialization were good solutions to food problem. In addition to that, to meet huge market demand on light industrial products under shortage economic conditions, rural reform and industrialization were enable to create energy, power and raw materials to start urban industrialization and initiate market demand on intermediate products including equipment.

在以城市为主导的工业化第二阶段,国有经济改革和外资的大规模引进在满足农村工业化创造的中间产品市场需求的同时,进一步创造出新的国际市场和现代服务业市场需求。2001年,日本学者率先提出中国开始成长为“世界工厂”。2005年开始,中国进入工业化的第三阶段,即从制造经济向创新经济的转型发展阶段。

During the second industrialization stage dominated by cities, state-owned economic reform and the large-scale introduction of foreign capital, while satisfying the demand for intermediate products generated by rural industrialization, created new demand for international market and modern service industry. In 2001, Japanese scholars initially put forward that China started to grow as a "World Factory". Since 2005, China entered the third stage of industrialization, shifting from a manufacturing economy to innovative economy.

II

中国创新经济源于制造业的转型升级。在成为“世界工厂”之后,如何摆脱因外源型技术进步带来的“低端锁定”,成为政府和产业界制定和实施创新驱动发展战略的直接动力来源。

China's innovative economy generates from the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. After become the “World Factory”, how to solve the “Low-end Locking” problem brought about by exogenous technical advancement has become the direct impetus for the government and the industrial community to formulate and implement innovation-driven development strategy.

制约中国制造升级的因素主要包括四个方面:一是技术来源的外源型,即中国制造的技术主要来源于发达国家成熟产品和标准化生产技术的引进、消化和吸收;二是服务业滞后,包括专业批发市场和小批发市场在内的零售业、物流及供应链体系和研发设计产业严重滞后于制造业升级的需求;三是科技与经济“两张皮”,在创新基础设施与产业发展之间存在着创新系统失灵;四是政府政策的取向是优化投资环境和招商引资,而不是构建创新创业环境。

There are four elements hindering the upgrading of China’s Manufacturing Industry: The first element is exogenous technical advancement, which means Chinese manufacturing technology mainly come from the introduction, digestion and absorption of developed countries’ mature production and standardized manufacturing technology; The second issue is lagged development of service industry, including specialized wholesale market, small wholesale market, logistics and supply-chain system, and R&D industry seriously lagging behind the needs of manufacturing upgrades. The third is mismatch between science & technology development and the economic development. Innovative system malfunction exists between innovative infrastructure and industrial development. Fourth, policy orientation of government is to optimize the investment environment to attract investment, rather than building innovative entrepreneurial environment.

经过十年的努力,中国制造业升级中存在的四个方面制约因素几乎同时被突破。首先,以创新为导向的创业活动和科技型中小企业的发展,使内生型技术逐渐成为经济增长的来源。深圳手机产业的创新发展是一个范例,充分利用包括安卓和3G技术进步带来的窗口期,依赖创新型创业活动和科技型中小企业的发展,深圳手机产业打破了跨国公司主导的技术和产业双重垄断,形成了从模仿创新到开放创新的创新生态系统和生产组织模式。

After a decade’s endeavor, afore mentioned four constraints for China's manufacturing upgrade are almost simultaneously broken. Firstly, innovation-oriented entrepreneurial activities and development of small and medium-sized science & technology enterprises have developed endogenous technology. As a result, endogenous technology has gradually become a source of economic growth. The innovative development of Shenzhen's mobile phone industry is a model. By grasping the window-phase opportunities brought about by the technology advancements of Android and 3G and relying on innovative entrepreneurial activities and the development of science & technology small and medium-sized enterprises, the mobile phone industry of Shenzhen has smashed the dual technological and industrial monopoly leaded by multinational corporations, and finally formed opening-up innovation ecosystem and production organization model instead of imitative innovation.

其次,为了突破传统零售批发和供应链系统对制造业升级的制约,以阿里巴巴为代表,新兴互联网企业把互联网技术应用于零售和供应链服务,推动了中国电子商务经济体的爆发式增长。以互联网平台为主导的新型商业生态系统的出现,不仅引发了零售业革命和供应链体系变革,而且开始向制造和现代服务业领域持续渗透。

Secondly, in order to break the restriction of traditional retail & wholesale and supply-chain system on the manufacturing upgrades, emerging Internet enterprises represented by Alibaba, have applied Internet technologies to retail and supply-chain service and promoted explosive boost of China's E-commerce. New business ecosystem dominated by Internet-platform not only triggers retail industry revolution and supply-chain system transformation, but also unceasingly penetrates into manufacturing and modern services.

第三,创新主体的多元化和新型混合组织的发展,逐渐消除了创新基础设施和产业发展之间的创新系统的系统失灵现象。创新主体的多元化不仅表现为创新型创业活动和科技型中小企业的发展,而且表现为创业型科研院所和“创客”群体的涌现。创新主体的多元化及其互动中形成的新规则,正在改变资源配置的机制和制度结构。

Thirdly, diversification of innovative subjects and the development of new hybrid organizations gradually removed the malfunction phenomenon of the innovative system between innovative infrastructure and industrial development. Diversification of innovative subjects not only shows the development of science & technology small and medium-sized enterprises, but also presents the emergence of entrepreneurial scientific research institutes and "Creator" groups. Diversification of innovative subjects and the new rules formed during interaction are changing the mechanism and system structure of resource allocation.

第四,以2005年无锡市制定和实施“530”计划为标志,构建创新创业环境成为政府政策的新取向。创新生态系统,尤其是产业创新生态系统是构建创新创业环境的重心。为了激发企业家精神和促进新知识的创造及其商业化,政府在培育创新生态系统过程中的主要角色是集聚创新资源和有效地促进创新主体之间的互动和知识重组。

Fourthly, the “530" Plan formulated and implemented by Wuxi city in 2005 marked the start of government to build innovative entrepreneurial environment as the new orientation of policy. Innovative ecosystem, especially industry innovative ecosystem is the core of building innovative entrepreneurial environment. In order to stimulate entrepreneurship and facilitate the creation and commercialization of new knowledge, the key effects of the government to play in cultivating innovative ecosystem are to gather innovative resource and effectively facilitate the interaction and knowledge restructuring among the innovative subjects.

随着创新驱动发展战略的深入推进,历经十年的艰辛探索,中国特色的创新经济初现端倪。对新经济基本形态和特征的认识,是制定新的创新国家建设思路和战略的前提和基础。

With the deepening implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and ten years’ exploration, the innovative economy with Chinese characteristics has begun to take shape. The understanding of basic forms and characteristics of the new economy is the precondition and foundation to formulate new innovative national construction thinking and strategy.

III

我们正在努力塑造的经济形态是以“双创”为导向的新经济。新经济是以第二次信息科技产业革命为基础,以数据为关键投入要素的新兴经济形态。新经济不仅包括以互联网、物联网、云计算和大数据为代表的新兴产业,而且包括新一代信息技术向其他产业的融合和渗透中所形成的新产业、新业态、新组织和新模式。

The economic formation we are endeavored to build up is the new economy with"Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" as orientation. The new economy, which is characterized by data as the key production factor, is based on the second information technology industry revolution. The new economy not only includes emerging industries represented by Internet, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Big Data, but also covers new industries, new forms and conditions, new organizations and new models arising from the integration and penetration of new generation of information technology into other industries.

正在我国兴起的新经济不同于20世纪90年代的美国新经济。20世纪90年代的美国新经济是第一次信息科技和产业革命的结果,以IT产业为主导。而当前的新经济则是第二次信息科技和产业革命推动的,以互联网、物联网、云计算和大数据产业为主导。同时,互联网与实体经济的持续融合构成了新经济发展和演化的主导逻辑。在某种程度上,是否“在线”已经成为区分传统经济和新经济的基本标准。

The new economy emerging from China is different from that of the 1990s United States of America. The new economy of the 1990s United States of America was the result of the first information technology and industrial revolution led by IT industry. And the current new economy is triggered and promoted by the second information technology and industrial revolution represented by Internet, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Big Data industry. Meanwhile, the continuous integration of the Internet and the real economy constitutes the dominant logic of development and evolution of the new economy. To some extent, online or not has become the primary criteria for distinguishing traditional economies and new economy.

新经济是以第二次信息技术为主导的新科技和产业革命推动供给侧适应消费结构变迁过程中出现的一系列新经济现象。而供给侧结构变革的主导者是创新创业活动,“双创”是新经济发展的基本驱动力。

The new economy is a series of new economic phenomena appeared when the Second-Information-Technology dominated new science & technology and industrial revolution adapts the supply side to the consumption structure transition. Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation dominate supply-side structural reform and are the basic driving force for the development of the new economy.

新经济属于实体经济,即新实体经济。尽管有些企业家和学者存在着互联网经济属于虚拟经济的认识,但是总体看,互联网经济不是虚拟经济,而是在推动实体经济发展过程中形成的新实体经济。尤其是随着互联网向实体经济的持续渗透,在变革实体经济的过程中,新经济发展将持续带来包括生产方式、生产组织方式、流通方式、制造模式和生活方式在内的一系列新变革。

The new economy belong to the real economy, namely, the new real economy. Some entrepreneurs and scholars argue that Internet economy is a virtual economy. But overall, the Internet economy is not a virtual economy, but a new real economy forming in the process of promoting the development of the real economy. In particular, with continuous penetration of the Internet into the real economy and the transformation of the real economy, the development of the new economy will keep bringing about a series of new transformations including the modes of production, production organizational formation, circulation mode, manufacturing pattern and life-style.

长期以来,在发展战略的制定和实施中,我们更多地依赖对传统经济,尤其是工业经济发展逻辑的理论认识。可以说,工业化思维仍然在影响和制约着当前经济工作的思路和方法。对新经济的科学认识,将促使我们打破固有思维,重新思考新阶段经济发展的动力和机制,进而制定有效的策略。

For quite a long time, we relied more on the understanding of the traditional economy, especially the theoretical understanding of the logic of industrial and economic development during the formulation and implementation of developmental strategies. It can be said that industrialization mindset is still constraining the current economic work ideas and methods. The scientific understanding of the new economy will lead us to break the inherent thinking, re-consider the driving force and mechanism of economic development at the new stage, and then formulate effective strategies.

IV

创新驱动发展和创新国家建设战略是一个长期和复杂的系统工程。正像改革开放30年我们走过的路一样,不可能一帆风顺,在体制机制上都需要展开新一轮改革和创新。尤其是在转型发展的开始阶段,需要解放思想,凝聚社会共识。

Innovation-driven development strategy and innovative national construction strategy are long-term and complex systematic projects. Just like the zigzagging path we had embarked on during the past 30-year reform and opening-up, the road ahead will not be smooth. Thus we need a new round of reform and innovation in terms of systems and mechanisms. At the initial stage of transformation and development, in particular, we need to free our mind and reach consensus in the society.

首先,比较优势不再是中国经济增长动力的主要来源,基于经济和社会发展中的诸多“痛点”和瓶颈地带的“双创”活动产生的竞争优势,正在成为我国经济增长动力的新来源。在动力机制转换期,不要再奢望短期内依靠比较优势招商引资就能实现经济触底反弹,因为作为新的经济增长动力来源的创新创业活动,需要一个孵化和加速的过程。创新创业中新知识的创造和商业化不仅难以弯道超车,而且充满不确定性。

Firstly, comparative advantage will no longer be the main driving force of China's economic growth. Competitive advantage, based on many "Pain Spot" of the economic and social development and the Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation activities at the "bottleneck area", is the new driving force of economic growth. During the driving force mechanism transition period, it is an extravagant hope to rely on comparative advantage to attract investments and realize the rebound of the economy. Entrepreneurial activities, as the driving force of the new economy growth, need an incubation and acceleration process. The creation and commercialization of new knowledge are not only difficult for corner overtaking, but also full of uncertainties.

诸多困扰我们的经济和社会的“痛点”和瓶颈则成为创新创业的诱因。例如,食品安全、教育公平、医疗健康、人口老龄化、产业竞争力不强、环境污染、大城市病、甚至南海问题,都是引发创新创业的重点领域。通过激发企业家精神完成对诸多“痛点”和瓶颈问题的解决,进而推动经济发展和社会进步,是创新驱动发展的重要动力来源。

Many of the economic and social problems that we call "Pain Spot" and bottleneck then become the incentive for innovation and entrepreneurship. For example, food security problem, education equality, medical treatment and health, aging of population, weak industry competitiveness, "Big City Malaise", environmental pollution, even South China Sea Issue are key fields causing innovation and entrepreneurship. Solving the "Pain spot" and bottleneck problems and thus promoting economic development and social progress by stimulating entrepreneurship are the impetuses of innovation-driven development.

其次,从制造经济向创新经济转变的微观基础是普遍激发的社会企业家精神和良性运行的创新创业风险社会分担机制。对于一个创新经济和创业社会而言,企业家精神包括广义和狭义两个方面:狭义的企业家精神主要指以新知识的创造及其商业化为导向的创业活动,而广义的企业家精神则泛指一切勇于承担风险的创新活动,例如,政府的改革创新行为。

Secondly, the generally stimulation of entrepreneurship and the well-functioning risk sharing mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship are the micro foundation of a transition from manufacturing economy to innovative economy. For an innovative economy and an entrepreneurial society, entrepreneurship includes generalized and narrowed senses. In a narrowed sense, entrepreneurship means entrepreneurial activities with creation of new knowledge and its commercialization as orientation. In a generalized sense, entrepreneurship means any innovative activities daring to bear risks, for example, reform and innovation conducted by the government.

作为创新经济微观基础的企业家精神主要指狭义的企业家精神,在知识经济条件下,企业家精神表现出新的特征,即拥有企业家精神的创新创业主体的多元化,以及不同领域企业家精神互动融合涌现出的协同创新和大众创业万众创新现象。

As the micro basis of innovative economy, entrepreneurship is in a narrow sense. In a knowledge economy, entrepreneurship shows new features, such as the diversified innovative and entrepreneurial subjects with entrepreneurship, and the phenomenon of cooperative innovation and mass entrepreneurship and innovation resulted from interactive integration of different fields of entrepreneurship spirits.

在创新创业多元化主体中值得重点关注的一个群体是包括大学生在内的年轻人,因为这个年龄阶段所富有的梦想和想象力是创新的重要起点。爱因斯坦曾说,想象力比知识更重要。从科学发展的角度讲,所谓的专家都是过去知识的积累者,而对于涉及未来发展的新知识而言,没有专家,只有新知识的创造者和学习者。在接收和创造新知识方面,尤其是科技和经济发展的新领域,年轻人具有天然优势。

Young people including college student is worthy of attention among the diversified subjects of innovation and entrepreneurship, because their rich imaginations and ambitious dreams are important starting points for innovation. Einstein once said that imagination was more significant than knowledge. From the perspective of scientific development, so-called experts are the accumulation of knowledge in the past. For new knowledge related with future development, there are no experts but new knowledge creators and learners. Young people have a natural advantage in receiving and creating new areas of knowledge, especially in technology and economic development area.

当然,对于大学生创业社会各界观点不一。有的观点认为,大学生涉世不深,缺乏社会资源和管理能力,创业失败可能是常态,甚至会给他们带来终生的消极影响。然而在以新知识的创造及其商业化为导向的创新创业活动领域中,这种认识是消极的。因为,对于涉及经济和社会“痛点”问题的新技术和新知识,专家同样缺乏知识和经验,需要的是积极的探索精神、容错机制和宽松氛围。

Of course, there are various viewpoints on university students' entrepreneurship. Some people hold the views that college students are considered to be lack of life experiences, social resources and management capacity. Entrepreneurship failure may be normal, even give them a life-long negative effects. However, this viewpoint is passive for innovation and entrepreneurship with the orientation of new knowledge creation and its commercialization. For the new technology and knowledge relating to the economic and social "Pain Spot" problems, experts are also lack of knowledge and experience. A positive exploration spirit, fault-tolerant mechanism and relaxed atmosphere are essential.

建立创新创业风险的社会分担机制,是激发全社会企业家精神的基本制度安排。创新创业是需要承担不确定性风险的活动,然而成功的创业又带来社会福利的增加。因此让创业者个人承担创业的风险,不符合创新经济发展的基本规律。只有形成有效的创新创业风险的社会分担机制,才能使更多的创新创业活动涌现出来。

The establishment of risk-sharing mechanism for innovation and entrepreneurship is the basic institutional arrangement to stimulate entrepreneurship in the entire society. Innovation and entrepreneurship are highly uncertain activities, but successful entrepreneurship can bring about the increase of social welfare. Therefore, it does not meet the basic principles of innovative economy if entrepreneurs personally bear all the entrepreneurial risks. Only the formation of effective innovation and entrepreneurship risk of social sharing mechanism, the more innovative and entrepreneurial activities will emerge.

第三,在创新经济中,政府的主要职能是帮助和推动创新创业生态系统的形成和发展。政府的角色在于完善基础设施,发展人力资本,优化研发、税法和监管环境,以及分担风险,强调私人部门才是推进创新创业活动的主力军。为了实现协同创新和大众创业万众创新,需要政府做的是提供包括物理空间在内的基础设施,而不是替代市场在资源配置中的决定作用。

Thirdly, the major responsibility of the government in an innovative economy is to help and promote the formation and development of innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystem. The role of government is to improve infrastructure, to develop human capital, to optimize R&D, taxation law and supervision environment and to share risks. Private sector should be emphasized as the main force to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. In order to facilitate cooperative innovation, mass innovation and entrepreneurship, what the government should do is to provide infrastructure including physical spaces, but not to substitute the decisive role of market in resource allocation.

在从制造经济向创新经济的转变中,市场的资源配置方式呈现出一种新的组织方式。其中,“平台+中小企业+服务”在资源配置过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。平台集聚服务资源和技术资源,服务中小企业,尤其是创新创业者。在创新经济条件下,平台不仅指包括大学科技园、孵化器和众创空间在内的产学研结合的新型混合组织,而且指网络平台企业。例如,随着阿里云计算技术的成熟和扩散,阿里巴巴已经成为创新创业活动的关键平台,是杭州市创新创业生态系统的核心节点。培育和引进创新平台,尤其是网络平台,加快形成创新创业生态系统,是创新经济发展的重要途径。

In the transition from manufacturing economy to innovation economy, allocation mode of market resource presents a new way of organization. Among them, the model of "platform+ small and medium-sized enterprise+ service" plays an even more important role in resource allocation. The platform gathers service resources and technological resources, and serves to small and medium-sized enterprises, especially innovative entrepreneurs. In an innovative economy, platform not only includes university science and technology parks, incubators, and a new hybrid organization combined production and research, such as mass entrepreneurship space, but also means internet-based platform enterprises. For example, with the maturity and spread of Alibaba Cloud Computing Technology, Alibaba has become a key platform of innovative and entrepreneurial activities and the core node of Hangzhou's innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystem. Cultivating and introducing innovative platform, especially internet-based platform, to accelerate the formation of innovative and entrepreneurial ecosystems are important ways of the development of innovative economy.

第四,加快改革现有的教育体制。国家的未来在于年轻人,而年轻人的未来在于教育。在知识经济条件下,教育不仅要向学生提供新知识,而且要教给学生创造知识和未来的能力。大学不能仅仅从事教学活动,而且要培养企业家精神,成为创业活动的策源地。

The last one is to speed up the reform of the current educational system. A country’s future lies with young people, and the future of young people lies in education. In a knowledge economy, education not only provides new knowledge to the students, but also the capability to create knowledge and future. Universities should not only focus on teaching, but also cultivate entrepreneurship and become the origin of entrepreneurial activities.

结束语

Conclusion

“全球创新创业会议”(GEIC)的国际合作方是以色列的本·古里安大学和德国杜伊斯堡-埃森大学。本·古里安大学创建于1969年,坐落于以色列贝尔谢巴市,是以色列主要研究型大学之一。2016年5月在本·古里安大学参加第三届创新创业会议时,聆听到前总理佩雷斯的演讲。在演讲中,佩雷斯指出,中国和以色列的共同之处都是在“一穷二白”的基础上建设和发展起来的,而创新则是改变贫困和落后的根本途径。

The international partners of Global Entrepreneurship and Innovation Conference (GEIC) are Ben-Gurion University of Israel and Duisburg-Essen University in Germany. Founded in 1969 and located in Beersheba, Ben-Gurion University is one of the major research universities in Israel. In May 2016, when I attended the third Innovation and Entrepreneurship Conference at Ben-Gurion University, I listened to the presentation of former Prime Minister Shimon Peres. In his speech, Perez pointed out that China and Israel have in common. “Poor and blank” is the basis of construction and development and innovation is the fundamental way to change poverty and backwardness.

十年过去了,中国建设创新国家的实践印证了佩雷斯的观点。把发展创新经济作为国家战略的核心取向,有着深远的意义和内涵。因为,创新不仅是一国经济发展和国际竞争力提升的根本驱动力,更为重要的是,伴随创新经济发展而沉淀的创新能力、制度结构和文化形态才是国家软硬实力和全球影响力的真正依托。在知识经济时代,作为经济新形态,创新经济是高度开放的,所创造的制度和文化同样是有活力的、开放的和包容性的。成为一个创新国家,是中国对世界的贡献和承诺,是中国故事的精彩华章。

In the past ten years, the practice of building an innovative country in China confirms Perez’s view. To set the development of innovative economy as core orientation of national strategies contains far-reaching connotations. The reason is that innovation is not just the fundamental driving force for a nation to promote economic development and international competitiveness. More importantly, the innovative capability, institutional structure and cultural norms accumulated during the development of innovative economy are the cornerstones of a nation's soft and hard strengths and influences. In an era of knowledge economy, innovative economy is highly open as a new economic formation. The systems and culture created by an innovative economy are also vigorous, open and inclusive. To become an innovative nation is China's contribution and promise to the world, and also the brilliant chapter of the Story of China. 

2017年5月5日,于南开经济研究所。

May 5, 2017   Nankai Institute of Economics

南开经济调查 | 知中国服务中国
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