中国为什么缺失“工匠精神”：一个分析框架及检验[1]

闵继胜

（安徽师范大学 安徽创新经济研究院，安徽 芜湖 241003）

摘要：借助垄断竞争市场理论，构建一个理论分析框架，揭示了中国“工匠精神”缺失的本质，并以无为电缆产业为案例进行了验证。研究发现，改革开放前三十年，模仿型排浪式消费成为主流，模仿型企业以低成本优势击垮了手工作坊，绝大多数传统手工技艺乃至“工匠精神”消失。2013年以来，我国进入高品质个性化消费阶段，模仿型企业濒临倒闭、创新型企业蓬勃发展、手工作坊恢复经营。可见，中国优秀传统技艺和“工匠精神”的变迁，乃是收入水平导向下消费者理性选择的结果。因此，要恢复“工匠精神”，一方面要增加中等收入阶层的规模和收入水平；另一方面从补贴中小企业向补贴技术精湛的工匠转变，全方位培育专心工艺打磨和技术钻研的优秀工匠。

关键词：“工匠精神”模仿型排浪式消费模仿型企业创新型企业手工作坊

Why China is indeed a “Craftsman Spirit”: an analytical framework and testing

Jisheng MIN

(Anhui Institute of Innovation Economics , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu Anhui Province 241003)

Abstract: This article constructs a theoretical analysis frameworkon the foundation ofthe theory of monopoly competition market, reveals the essence ofthe lack ofCraftsman Spirit in China, and verifies it by using cable industry at Wuweicounty as a case. Find that the consumption model of Mimicry and PaiLang has became an mainstream in the 30 years before the reform and opening up, and imitation enterprise by advantage of low cost defeated manual workshops, so let a lot of traditional craftsmanship and Craftsman Spiritdisappeared.Since 2013, our country has entered into the phase of high quality personalized consumption, which make a lot of imitationenterprise closed, innovation enterprise developed vigorously and manual workshopsrecoveried again. Therefore the change of Chinese excellent traditional art and Craftsman Spirit are the result of consumersrational choice in their income level.Sorestoring Craftsman Spirit in China, on the one hand is to increase the size of the middle-income class and their income level, on the other hand is shift subsidies from small and medium-sized enterprises to skilled craftsman, and all-round cultivates first-classcraftsmen who focus on process grinding and technology study.

Key Words:Craftsman Spirit Consumption model of Mimicry and PaiLang; Imitation enterpriseInnovation enterprise Manual workshops

[1]作者简介：闵继胜（1983—），男，安徽枞阳人，博士，安徽师范大学经管学院副教授，中国人民大学博士后，主要研究农业经济、发展经济。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金（71503005）；安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重大项目（SK2015ZD15）；安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目（AHSKY2015D46）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2015M581237）。